P691 Influence of ethnicity on the phenotype and clinical outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease; comparison of a South American with a North American population.
Pérez, T.(1);Pizarro, B.(2); Ascui, G.(3);Tobar, F.(4);Cerda-Villablanca, M.(5);Alvares, D.(6);Orellana, M.(7);De la Vega, A.(8);Canistra, M.(9);Cornejo, B.(9);Baez, P.(10);Silva, V.(2);Arriagada, E.(8);Estela, R.(2);Hernandez-Rocha, C.(11);Alvarez-Lobos, M.(12);Rivera-Nieves, J.(13);
(1)Pontificia Universidad Catolica/Hospital San Borja-Arriaran, Department of Gastroenterology, Región Metropolitana, Chile;(2)Universidad de Chile, Medicina, Santiago, Chile;(3)Universidad de California San Diego, Inmunología, San Diego, United States;(4)Universidad de Chile, Department of Mathematical Engineering, Santiago, Chile;(5)Universidad de Chile, Center for Mathematical Modeling- Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;(6)Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Department of Statistics- Santiago- Chile, Santiago, Chile;(7)Universidad de Chile, Facultad De Ingenieria, Santiago, Chile;(8)Universidad De Chile, Gastroenterologia, Santiago, Chile;(9)Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Medicina, Santiago, Chile;(10)Universidad de Chile, Centro de Informatica Medica y Telemedicina, Santiago, Chile;(11)Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Gastroenterologia, Santiago, Chile;(12)Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Gastroenterología, Santiago, Chile;(13)Universidad de California San Diego, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center- Division of Gastroenterology- University of California- San Diego- La Jolla- CA- United States., San Diego, United States; Tamara Pérez-Jeldres1a 2 MD Benjamín Pizarro MD3 Felipe Tobar PhD3c Matías Orellana BSc3 Mauricio Cerda-Villablanca PhD3d Danilo Alves PhD1b Andrés de la Vega MD2 Macarena Canistra Bsc1 Bárbara Cornejo BSc1 Pablo Baéz PhD3e Verónica Silva MD2 Elizabeth Arriagada MD2 Ricardo Estela MD2 Gabriel Ascui Bsc4 Cristián Hernández-Rocha MD1a Manuel Álvarez Lobos MD1a Jesús Rivera-Nieves MD. 1 Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile.a Division of Gastroenterology School of Medicine.b Division of Statistic School of Mathematics. 2 Instituto Chileno-Japonés Santiago Chile. 3 Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile. cDivision of Radiology School of Medicine. d Department of Mathematical Engineering. e Center for Mathematical Modeling Universidad de Chile 4 La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology San Diego CA United States. 5 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Division of Gastroenterology University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States.
Background
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are chronic systemic inflammatory disorders, which affect the gastrointestinal tract. An increased incidence of IBD has been vastly reported in Europe, and North America, however, IBD has now emerged as a global disease affecting people of different genetic backgrounds and geographic locations, with increasing incidence in developing and newly industrialized regions such as South America, offering the opportunity to explore differences and similarities in disease presentation and outcomes across these variables.
Methods
Our study includes 265 patients with a diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) (n=173) or Crohn´s Disease (CD) (n=92). We carried out an exploratory analysis of databases of Chilean and North American IBD patients to compare the clinical phenotype between both cohorts. We used an unsupervised machine learning approach using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), t- Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), among others, for each disease (CD and UC). Finally, we predicted the center (North American versus Chilean) using random forest, among other supervised machine learning methods to confirm these results.
Results
Several unsupervised machine learning methods separated two main groups supporting differences between North American and Chilean patients in each disease. The variables that explained the loadings of the clinical metadata on the principal components were related to therapies and disease extension/location at diagnose. Our Random Forest (RF) models were trained for cohort classification (Chilean or North American) based on clinical characteristics, obtaining a high accuracy of 0.86 (UC) and 0.89 (CD). Similarly, variables related to therapies and disease extension/location had a higher Gini index. In the same line, univariate analysis showed a later CD age at diagnoses in Chilean IBD patients (37 vs 24; p=0.005)
Conclusion
Our study suggests a clinical difference between North American and Chilean IBD patients; later CD age at diagnoses with a predominate less aggressive phenotype (39% vs. 54% B1), a more localized disease despite less biological therapies used in Chile for both diseases. The next research steps to confirm these results with more patients and explore more factors between different populations that could determine a less aggressive phenotype. Understanding the causes of these differences could unravel new pathways or protective factors, which could improve treatments.